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India

A guide to its main attractions
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Selected by piero scaruffi | Back to the travel page | Pictures
This page provides a list of the main things to see in India. "++" identifies the top attractions. The sights are tagged with a capital letter that helps plan different itineraries.

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ITINERARYSTATESIGHTS



ZASSAM and nearby states
Kaziranga National Park (rhinos, tigers, elephants)
Namdapha National Park (tigers, leopards, snow leopards)
ZMEGHALAYA
-Shillong
wildlife
tribes
ZNEGALAND
tribes
ZSIKKIM
wildlife
Himalaya
Tashiding monastery (1717)
Pemayangtze: Trekking to Dzongri
WEST BENGAL
A14+Kolkata/Calcutta: +Victoria Memorial (1921), +Indian Museum (+stupa and sculptures from Barhut of 2nd c BC)
ZDarjeeling: Kangchenjunga, India's highest mountain, Trekking the Singalila Ridge
ZSunderbans: Ganges Delta
ZSunderbans Wildlife Sanctuary (tigers, crocodiles, birds)
ZJaldhapara Wildlife Sanctuary (rhinos, elephants)
Z+Bishnupur/ Vishnupur: +Shyama Raya temple (1643), Keshta Raya temple (1655)
A13Gaur (Dhulian)
A13Pandua: Eklakhi Mausoleum (14##)
LADAKH
C4+Leh: Palace (163#), Spitok monastery (14##), +Alchi monastery (11##), Lamayuru monastery (10##)
C4Hemis: monastery (1630)
C4Padum: Trekking
C4Zanskar region: Trekking
JAMMU & KASHMIR
C3+Srinagar
C3Zanskar: +Phugtal monastery (10##)
HIMACHAL PRADESH
C1Shimla/ Simla: Christ Church (1846)
C1+Sarahan: +Bhimakali temple (11##)
Key monastery
Tabo monastery
Dhankar: Pin Valley National Park (leopards, bears)
Sangam: Trekking in Pin Valley
Naggar: Trekking to Parvati Valley
Kalpa: Trekking in the Kinnaur region
Lahaul: Trekking in the Sacred Valley of Spiti to Chandra Tal lake
UTTARANCHAL
Valley of Flowers National Park (flowers and butterflies)
Corbett Tiger Reserve
Rajaji National Park (tigers, leopards, bears)
Govind Wildlife Sanctuary (leopards, bears)
Gangotri: Trekking over the Garhwal hills to the source of the Ganges
Nanda Devi, India's second highest mountain
PUNJAB
C2+Amritsar: ++Harimandir Sahib/ Golden temple (1601)
Chandigarh: +Capital complex including LeCorbusier's High Court (1952), Cactus garden (largest in Asia)
+Manali & Kulu Valley
RAJASTAN
-Alwar: MOosi Maharani ki Chhatri
-Shekhawati: havelis of Lachhmangarh and Fatehpur, Pushkar
++Jaisalmer: ++Fort (1156) with seven-storied palace complex, ++Jain temples (15##), ++Old town with ++Patwon Ki Haveli (1855), Salim Singh Haveli (1845), Nathmalji Haveli (1855)
B12++Jaipur: +Jantar Mantar Observatory (1734), +Hawa Mahal (1799), Jal Mahal (175#) in the lake, Ishtar Lat (1749), Jami Masjid, Tripolia Gate (1734), Chandra Maal (17##), +Johari Bazaar, +Govind Dev temple, ++Amber Fort (16##)
B1Bikaner: Junagarh Fort (1593)
B1Eshnok: Temple of rats
B9Udaipur: +Jag Niwas (1751) in the lake, +City Palace (15##-19##)
B9Kumbhalgarh: Fort (14##)
B9Nagda (near Udaipur): Jain temples (9##)
B9++Ranakpur: Surya temple (1250 AD), ++Adinatha temple (1439)
-Bundi: Garh Palace
B11-Ajmer: Dargah Sharif, Adhai-Din-ka-Jhonpra (12##),Jain temple
B2+Jodhpur: Umaid Bhavan palace (1944), +Meherangarh Fort (1459), Sardar Bazaar, Jaswant Thanda (189#)
B10Chittorgahr: Fort (15##)
B3++Mount Abu/ Dilwara temples: ++Vimala Vasahi (1045), +Luna Vasahi (1232), +Neminath/Tejpal temple (1230)
B3Rajastan desert
B3Sariska National Park (tigers)
B3Ranthambhore National Park (crocodiles, tigers)
B3Bharatpur: Keoladeo Ghana National Park (birds)
UTTAR PRADESH
-Ayodhya
B2Mathura/ Muttra: Mahaban, Godarbhan, Radhakund, Dig, Brindaban, Vishram Ghat, Museum (+Yaksha of Mauryan period)
C0Hardwar
A3++Agra: +Agra Fort (1573), ++Taj Mahal (1648), +Tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah (1628), Jami Masijd (15##)
A3Sikandra: Mausoleum of Akbar (16##)
A4+Lucknow: Tomb of Saadat Ali Khan, Tomb of Khurshid Zadi, Bara Imambara (17##), Qaiser Bagh palace (185#)
A5++Fatehpur-Sikri: +Panch Mahal (1585), +Diwan-i-khas (1585)
A6Allahabad
A7++Varanasi
A8+Sarnath: monastery complex, +Dhamekh stupa (4##, the lion capital of the Ashoka column is at the museum), +Sarnath Buddha of 5th c, Museum (+Ashoka's Pillar of the Four Lions of 240 BC)
(A8)Jaunpur: Jami Masjid (14##)
DELHI
A1++Delhi: National Museum, +Red Fort/ Lal Kila (1648), +Jami Masjid (1978), Puruna Qila, ++Humayun's Tomb (1570), Alai Darwaza gate (1311), Quwwat-ul-Islam (1192-1316), ++Qutb Minar (12##), Tuklakaban, Baha'i
A1Dudhwa National Park (tigers, leopards, rhinos)
BIHAR
A9Patna: +Pataliputra (7kms from Patna), ancient capital of the Maurya empire)
A9Lauriya-Nandangarh: Ashoka's column of 243 BC
A9+Bodh Gaya/ Bodhgaya/ Buddhgaya: +Mahabodhi Buddhist temple (5## AD) with carving on the railing from 1st c BC, Barabar caves, Vishnupad
A11+Nalanda: monastery (7th-12th c), temple 3 (5## AD) and university
A12Rajgir caves
A12Sasaram: mausoleum of Emperor Sher Shah Suri (1545)
GUJARAT
--Surat
-Dwarka
-Bhuj: Alna Mahal (1752)
B4+Junagadh: Fort, +Jain temple complex of Girnar Hill including the Neminath temple
B5Veraval
B6+Patan Somnath
B7Girnar
B8Ahmedabad: Old city, Calico Museum
B8+Modhera: +Sun temple (1026)
-Vadodara/ Baroda: Laxmi Vilas palace (1890)
-Bhavnagar: Velavadar National Park (delta region)
++Palitana: Shatrunjaya sanctuary (1550 AD) with more than 800 Jain sanctuaries and shrines starting with the lower Adinath temple (16##) and the circular +Neminath temple, +Bala Vasami, +Sheth Moti Shaw Tonk, +upper Adinath temple
Sasan Gir Wildlife Sanctuary (lions, leopards, crocodiles)
-Little Rann of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary (desert region)
Nal Sarovar Sanctuary (birds)
MADHYA PRADESH
E13+Mandu/Mandogarh: +Hindola Mahal (149#), +Jahaz Mahal (149#), Shah's tomb (1440), caves of Bagh
E14++Sanchi: ++Great Stupa (2nd c BC) with gates (35 BC): ++southern gate (oldest, Buddha's miracle, crowned by a wheel of law), +eastern gate (young Gautama leaving his father's place), +western gate (seven incarnations of the Buddha and the Buddha preaching his first sermon); +Stupa 2 (2nd c BC) with surrounding +stone balustrade; +Stupa 3 (2nd c BC) with only one gate; +Ashoka Pillar (pillar #10) near the southern gate of the Great Stupa (the capital is in the museum); ruins of a Gupta temple (4th c AD), one of the earliest in India
E14Jabalpur: Kanha National Park (tigers, leopards), -Bandhavgarh National Park (tigers)
-Mahoba
E15++Khajuraho: +Chitragupta temple (1000), ++Lakshmana temple (954), ++Kandarya Mahadeva temple (1000) with +celestial deities Devi Jagdamba, Jain temple +Parshvanatha (10th c)
E16+Gwalior: +Gwalior Fort (1516) with +Jain sculptures and +Teli-ka-Mandir (8##)
-Dholpur
+Orchha: +Jahangiri Mahal (1626), Raj Mahal (1560), Rai Praveen Mahal (16##)
-Shivpuri: Cenotaph of Malhavrao Scinda
Deogarh: Jain frieze of Kandali Fort
MAHARASHTRA
E7Mumbai/Bombay: High Court, Gateway of India, Rajabal clock tower in Bombay University, Prince of Wales Museum, Victoria Terminus/ Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (1888), BMC Building, -Sanjay Gandhi National Park
E7+Elephanta/Gharapuri cave (550 AD, hypostile hall, ++Three-headed Trimurti SadaShiva or Shiva Maheshvara of 8th c); southern sculptures of Kalyanasundara, Gangadhara, Ardhanariswara, Uma Maheswara; western sculptures of Nataraja and Andhakaasuravadamoorthy; eastern sculptures of Yogiswara and Ravanaanugrahamurthy
E6Lonavla/Lonavala: +Karla/Karli cave (+Chaitya Hall of 1st c BC with relief of 6th AD), +Bhaja caves (+Chaitya Hall of 1st c BC, oldest Buddhist rock temple art), Bedsa
E5-Poona/Pune
E8Kanheri: cave temples (150 BC)
E9Nasik: Pandu Lena caves (50 AD)
E10Aurangabad: caves (5##-6##, especially Cave 1 of 1st c AD and +Cave 7), Bibi ka Maqbara (1678)
E11+++Ellora: caves (600 AD) +Cave 21 (59#) facade and Dancing Shiva, +Cave 29 (650) Shiva and Parvati, Cave 15 Vishnu-lion, Facade and colossal Buddha of Cave 10, Chapel of Cave 15, Jain Cave 31, +Jain Cave 32 (950), Cave 11, Cave 12, deities of Cave 14, +++Kailasa (773 AD)
E12++Ajanta: caves (450 AD), Cave 1 painting of 600 AD, Cave 2 facade and frescoes, Cave 9 facade, Cave 10 fresco and largest chaitya of 1st c BC (oldest cave), Cave 16 fresco and sculptures of maidens, +Cave 17 frescoes and Buddha sculptures, +Cave 19 facade of 6th c AD and sculpture of Nagaraja of 550, ++Cave 26 interior of 642 AD, sculptured and giant sleeping Buddha
-Vasai (Bassein)
-Daulatabad: Deogiri fort
-Khulidabad: Rauza
Navagaon National Park (leopards, bears, birds)
GOA
D13Goa: Panaji's Church of Our Lady, Old Goa's Basilica de Bom Jesus (1594)
D13-Ponda: Hindu temples
D13-Rachol: Church of St Ignatius Loyola
KARNATAKA
D10+Mysore/Maisur: Henry Irwin's +Amba Vilas Palace (1912)
+Somnathpur: +Keshava temple (1268 AD)
D12+Hampi: +Vijayanagar (15##, +Vitthala temple, Pampapati Svani temple)
E4++Badami (ancient Chalukya capital called Vatapi): caves (+Cave 3 of 578 AD with finely decorated brackets, Cave 1 with Shiva panel) with the carvings are 81 dance poses of Nataraja; Sanskrit inscription from 543; temples of the hill: lower Azar/Loval Shivalaya temple (6##), upper Malegitti Shivalaya (610, Viaishnavite temple, roof, sculpture of Shiva); temples of the lake: Buthanatha temple (5th c), Mallikarjuna temple (10##)
E4+Pattadakal: +Virupaksha temple (725 AD), Sangameshvara temple (725), Mallikarjuna temple (745, relief carving), Papanatha temple (7##)
E4++Aihole (ancient capital of Chalukya): +Ladh Khan temple (600 AD), Durga temple (725 AD), Hutchimalli Temple (5th c), Meguti Temple (634), Ravala Phadi Cave (59#)
D10+Hassan: +Halebid (ancient Hoysala capital) with +Hoysaleshvara temple (1150), Belur's +Chennakeshava temple (1117) with 16th c gopura
E3Bijapur: Citadel, +Gol Gumbad (1656), third largest dome in the world, +Ibrahim Roza mausoleum (1620)
D11Bangalore: Vidhana Soudha (1956)
-Bidar: Fort
-Belgaun
ORISSA
A15++Bhubaneswar: +Parashurameshvara temple (65# AD), Vaital Deul (65#, with guardian nymphs), +Mukteshvara temple (100# AD), ++Rajarani temple (100# AD) with Lady Under a Tree, +Lingaraja temple (1104#), +Brahmeshvara temple (1075 AD), Dhauli carved rock (250 BC), +Udayagiri Jain Caves (100 BC, Caves 1,3,10,12,14) and Hindu caves (Cave 5 of 400 AD), Kudaigiri (Cave 3), Rani Gumpha Jain monastery (1## BC)
--Jaugarh: carved rock
--Lalitgiri: monastery
--Ratnagiri (7th - 11th c): monastery
--Khandur: Jain caves
A16++Konarak: Sun temple (1240 AD)
A17+Puri: Jagannath temple (11##)
A17Balasore: Similipal National Park (tigers, elephants, crocodiles, leopards, birds)
ANDHRA PRADESH
E2++Hyderabad: Falaknuma palace (1872), +Charminar (1591), Golconda fort (citadel of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, 1507-1687)
-Nagarjunakonda: Bodhishri Chaitya
-Tirupati: Shri Venkateshvara temple
+Amravati: Maha Chaitya (3##), Buddhist sculptures
TAMIL NADU
D1Chennai/Madras: Pantheon Complex, St Andrew's Kirk, Fort St George, Archeological Museum
D2+Kanchipuram (ancient capital of Pallava): +Kailasanatha temple (720 AD), Vaikunta Perumal (750 AD), Ekambareshvara (1506) with six-headed Kartileya, Deva Rajaswami (a few kms from town)
D3 ++Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram): ++Panch Rathas (630 AD, Dharmaraja, Bhima, Draupadi, Arjuna, Nakula-Sahadeva), +Shore/Arjuna temple (700 AD), +Relief of Arjuna's Penance (7th c), +Relief of Krishna Mandapa (7th c), Tiger cave, Varaha cave (7th c)
D3 Tiruvannamalai: Arunachaleshvara temple (1500)
D4Gingee Fort: Kalyana Mahal
D4+Chidambaram: +Nataraja temple (8##)
D4Pondicherry
D4Kumbakonam: temples around the Mahamaham tank, +Darasuram's Airavateshvara temple (11##)
D5++Thanjavur: ++Brihadiswara temple (1000 AD) and linga gallery, Subrahmanja temple (16##), Seven-storied observation tower of the Royal Palace (16##), Calimere Bird Sanctuary
D5Tiruvallur: Sri Vaidhya Veeraraghava Swami temple
D6++Tiruchirapalli (Trichy): +Shrirangam/ Sri Rangam/ Srirangam (sacred island with Ranganatha of 13th-17th c on 60 acres, biggest functioning Hindu temple in the world), +Jambukeshvara (16## AD), Venugopala (1270), Ucchi Pillayar Koil/ Rock Fort temple with cave temples (upper cave of the 7th c with ++Gangadhara panel and lower cave of the 8th c)
D7++Madurai (ancient capital of the Pandyas 7th-13th century): ++Minakshi Sundareshvara (1659)
D8Ootacamund
D8Rameshvaram: Ramanathaswamy temple
D8Suchindram: Sthanumalaya temple
D8Tirunelvelli: Kanthimathi Nellaiyappar temple
-Vellore: Fort
Suchindram: Sthanumalaya temple of 18th c
Chengalpattu: Vedantangal Bird Sanctuary
-Pollachi: Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary
Chilka Lake (one million birds)
-Udhagamandalam: Hiking across the Nilgiris to the Mukurthi volcano
KERALA
D9Kochi/Cochi: Paradesi synagogue (1604), Fort (1503, with oldest European church in India), Mattancherry Palace (1555)
-Thiruvananthapuram/Trivandrum: Anantha Padmanabhaswamy temple, Padmanabhapuram Palace
Periyar tiger reserve
Western Ghats forests
--Calicut
-Rameswaran
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
Silent Valley National Park (orchids, tigers, elephants, bears)
Kollan: backwater boat tour to Alappuzha
-Eravikulam National Park
BANGLADESH
BD + 8th-century Somapuri Vihara at Paharpur
SRI LANKA
SL +Anuradhapura: Thuparama Dagaba (3rd c BC, oldest stupa in Sri Lanka), +Seated Buddha (6th c AD), +Jetawanarawa (3rd c AD, tallest stupa), ++Ruvanveli Mahaseya (2nd c BC, holiest stupa)
SL +Polonnaruva: +Sacred Quadrangle (12th c) with +Vatadage (1187), +Gal Vihara (12th century)
SL Mihintale
SL +Sigiriya: Royal palace of 5th c AD, Royal gardens (earliest extant gardens in Asia), Buddhist caves of 3rd-1st c BC
SL +Dambula/ Dhambulla: +Rock temple (founded in 1st c BC, with statues and paintings of the 12th-18th centuries)
SL Arthalanthaya
SL Yapahuwa
SL Aluvihara
PAKISTAN
PK Harappa
PK Mohenjo-Daro
PK Peshawar (Kanishka's stupa of 2nd c AD)

Pictures


Map (click twice):


Combining itineraries:
  • C0 meets with A1
  • Clast meets with A1
  • B1 meets with A1 or C2
  • Blast meets with A1
  • Alast meets with E1
  • Dlast meets with E7 or E4
  • D1 meets with E1

My 1997 North India itinerary
My 2007 South India itinerary
A planned trip to India's parks
Summary of Indian art periods
  • Delhi climate (rain in jul-sep)
  • Madras climate (rain in oct-nov, hot in apr-jul)
  • Hyderabad climate (rain in jun-oct, hot in apr-may)
  • Sri Lanka climate (rain in apr-jun and oct-dec)
  • Sri Lanka climate (rain in may-oct)