A Timeline of Artificial Intelligence - The 2010s

Click here for the other decades | An appendix to the Bibliography on Mind
All of these events are explained in my book "Intelligence is not Artificial".

Slide presentation "AI and the Singularity"

TM, ®, Copyright © 1996-2019 Piero Scaruffi except pictures. All rights reserved.

2010: The first ImageNet challenge 2010: Demis Hassabis, Shane Legg and Mustafa Suleyman found DeepMind 2010: The New York stock market is shut down after algorithmic trading has wiped out a trillion dollars within a few seconds. 2010: James Kuffner coins the term "cloud robotics" 2010: Daniela Rus' "Programmable Matter by Folding" 2010: Lola Canamero's Nao, a robot that can show its emotions 2011: Nick D'Aloisio releases the summarizing tool Trimit (later Summly) for smartphones 2011: Dong Yu's speech recognition using deep learning 2011: IBM's Watson debuts on a tv show 2011: Osamu Hasegawa's SOINN-based robot that learns functions it was not programmed to do 2012: Rodney Brooks' hand programmable robot "Baxter" 2012: The Open Source Robotics Foundation is launched 2012: Andrew Ng's team demonstrates an unsupervised neural network that recognizes cats in videos 2012: Geoffrey Hinton and his students Alex Krizhevsky and Ilya Sutskever at the University of Toronto demonstrate that deep learning outperforms traditional approaches to computer vision processing 200 billion images during training (AlexNet) 2013: Nal Kalchbrenner's and Phil Blunsom's "sequence to sequence" learning 2013: Volodymyr Mnih's Deep Q-Networks 2013: Max Welling's and Diederik Kingma's variational autoencoders 2013: Tomas Mikolov's Word2vec 2013: Yangqing Jia develops the deep-learning platform Caffe 2013: Ross Girshick's Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) 2013: Piero Scaruffi's book "Intelligence is not Artificial" 2014: Vladimir Veselov's and Eugene Demchenko's program Eugene Goostman, which simulates a 13-year-old Ukrainian boy, passes the Turing test at the Royal Society in London 2014: Karen Simonyan's and Andrew Zisserman's VGG-16 2014: Kyunghyun Cho's encoder-decoder model and gated recurrent units (GRUs) 2014: Christian Szegedy's GoogLeNet 2014: Volodymyr Mnih's recurrent attention model (RAM) 2014: Ian Goodfellow's generative adversarial networks 2014: Alex Graves' LSTM without Hidden Markov Models for speech recognition 2014: Ilya Sutskever and Oriol Vinyals use a recurrent neural network to improve machine translation at Google ("Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks") 2014: Microsoft introduces the text chatbot Xiaoice in China 2014: Andrey Karpathy's and Fei-Fei Li's computer vision algorithm that can describe photos ("Deep Visual-Semantic Alignments for Generating Image Descriptions", 2014) 2014: Alex Graves, Greg Wayne and Ivo Danihelka publish a paper on "Neural Turing Machines" 2014: Jason Weston, Sumit Chopra and Antoine Bordes publish a paper on "Memory Networks" 2014: Microsoft's Skype demonstrates a real-time spoken language translation system 2014: Google buys DeepMind, founded by Demis Hassabis and Shane Legg 2015: Jascha Sohl-Dickstein's diffusion models 2015: Baidu's Deep Speech 2 that uses a GRU instead of a LSTM and no HMM 2015: Francois Chollet develops the deep-learning platform Keras 2015: Microsoft's 152-layer Residual Net 2015: Rajat Monga's team develops the deep-learning platform TensorFlow 2015: Seiya Tokui develops the deep-learning platform Chainer 2015: Over 1,000 high-profile Artificial Intelligence scientists sign an open letter calling for a ban on "offensive autonomous weapons" 2015: Leon Gatys, Alexander Ecker and Matthias Bethge's "A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style" 2015: Alec Radford's deep convolutional generative adversarial networks 2016: Ronen Eldan and Ohad Shamir prove that "depth can be exponentially more valuable than width" 2016: DeepMind's AlphaGo, developed by Aja Huang, beats Go master Lee Se-dol 2016: Kaiming He's ResNet with identity mappings of 1001 layers 2016: Jianpeng Cheng's and Mirella Lapata's self-attention 2017: Google's "transformer" model for sentence analysis (Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Jakob Uszkoreit) 2017: DeepMind's AlphaGo Zero and AlphaZero 2017: Alexei Efros' team generates images from sketches with Pix2pix 2017: More than 100 variants of generative adversarial networks are introduced in 2017 2017: Linguee launches the free translator DeepL 2017: John Schulman's proximal policy optimization for reinforcement learning 2018: Ali Eslami's and Danilo Rezende's Generative Query Network - GQN 2018: OpenAI's OpenAI Five 2018: Xiaolong Wang's nonlocal neural networks 2018: Jeremy Howard's and Sebastian Ruder's ULMFiT 2018: David Duvenaud's Neural ODEs 2018: Jacob Devlin's BERT for reading comprehension 2019: OpenAI's GPT2 creates convincing articles 2019: DeepMind's AlphaStar wins against 99.8% of its human opponents at the videogame StarCraft II 2020: OpenAI's GPT3 2020: Daniel Adiwardana's and Thang Luong's chatbot Meena at Google 2021: Google's AlphaFold solves the protein structure prediction problem for single protein chains 2021: OpenAI's text-to-image generator DALL-E 2021: Patrick Esser's and Robin Rombach's latent diffusion model 2022: Max Tegmark's and Tommi Jaakkola's Poisson Flow Generative Models 2022: OpenAI's chatbot ChatGPT 2023: Google's multimodal model Gemini 2023: William Peebles' and Saining Xie's Diffusion Transformer 2023: Google DeepMind's RT-2 (Robotic Transformer 2) 2023: Alibaba's language model Tongyi Qianwen (Qwen) 2024: OpenAI's video generator Sora 2024: Nobel Prize to Geoffrey Hinton 2024: Nobel Prize to AlphaFold's creators 2024: Google's NotebookLM 2024: Meta's open-source language model Llama 3.1 2024: Alibaba releases the reasoning model QwQ ("Questions with Qwen"), the first firm in the world to publish such a model under an open license 2024: Physical Intelligence's generalist robot model 2025: DeepSeek's model R1