A time-line of modern Greece World News | Politics | History | Editor (Copyright © 2024 Piero Scaruffi) |
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See also: A timeline of ancient Greece See also: A timeline of the Roman Empire (Greece was conquered by the Romans) See also: A timeline of the Turks (Greece was conquered by the Ottomans) 1814: Greek independence fighters found the secret society Philiki Etairia 1814: The Greek secret society Philiki Etairia stages an insurrection against the Ottoman Empire, and thousands of Greeks are massacred in Istanbul 1821: Greeks massacre Turks and Jews in the Peloponnese, and Turks massacre Greeks in Istanbul, Macedonia, Cyprus, Crete and other islands 1822: The Ottomans massacre 25,000 people in the Greek island of Chios 1824: British poet Byron dies fighting for Greek independence Oct 1827: France, Britain and Russia help the Greek uprising against the Ottomans, the fleet of the Ottomans and of Mehemet Ali is sunk at Navarino by the British, and the expansion of Ali's Egyptian kingdom is halted 1829: Russia defeats the Ottomans and helps Serbia and Greece become independent 1832: Greece becomes an independent state but most Greeks still live outside it 1833: At the end of the independence war, Greece is granted independence from the Ottoman empire but France, Britain and Russia force it to accept 17-year old Otto I of Bavaria as its king 1862: Otto I is deposed by the Greeks and replaced by a Danish prince, who became Georgios I 1864: Greek bankers found the Societe Generale de l'Empire Ottoman in Istanbul 1897: Greece attacks the Ottomans over Crete but is defeated (and most Greeks in Istanbul side with the Ottomans) Oct 1908: Crete leaves the Ottoman Empire and unites with Greece 1910: Eleutherios Venizelos is appointed prime minister of Greece Oct 1912: a Balkan League of Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece declares war on the Ottoman Empire Aug 1913: The Peace of Bucharest drives the Ottomans almost entirely out of Europe, with Greece almost doubling in size 1913: Greek king Georgios I is assassinated and is succeeded by his son Konstantinos I 1916: the Ottoman empire massacres 350,000 Greek Pontians and 480,000 Anatolian Greeks between 1916 and 1923 May 1919: Greece attacks the Ottoman Empire to regain control of the old Byzantine territories, and Turkey retaliates by massacring tens of thousands of Greek and Armenian Christians in its territories Jun 1919: Kemal organizes in the village of Ankara armed resistance against the European occupation and the Greek aggression while feminist Halide Edib holds a pro-nationalist rally in Istanbul Jul 1919: British troops, Greek troops and the sultan's troops battle Keman's nationalists near Istanbul Apr 1920: Mustafa Kemal is elected president of Turkey and moves the capital from Istanbul (a megalopolis) to Ankara (a poor village of Anatolia) while the Greeks take Bursa and Edirne Aug 1920: The Treaty of Sevres grants independence to Armenia and calls for the establishment of an independent Kurdish state Sep 1922: Turkey wins the war against Greece and regains the lost territories of Edirne and Bursa, Kemal enters Greek-majority Izmir and 200 thousand Greeks flee to Greece (tens of thousands of Greeks and Armenians are massacred in Smyrna or die in the fire that destroys the Greek and Armenian quarters) Sep 1922: Nikolaos Plastiras leads the revolution that deposes the king Oct 1922: Kemal's general Refet enters Istanbul with minimal bloodshed, and an exodus begins that will involve 150 thousand Greeks of Istanbul by 1924 1923: Turkey and Greece agree to exchange population, with more than one million Greeks leaving Turkey's Anatolia and 356,000 Turks leaving Greece Apr 1924: Greece chooses in a referendum to abolish the monarchy Jun 1925: Theodoros Pangalos stages a coup and becomes dictator of Greece Aug 1926: Georgios Kondylis deposes Theodoros Pangalos and restores the republic with admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis as president 1933: Prime minister Venizelos retires after losing the elections to the monarchists 1935: The monarchy is restored in Greece with Georgios II as king 1946: Civil war erupts in Greece between the communists and the government 1947: Greek king Georgios II dies and is succeeded by his brother Pavlos I 1949: The pro-western government wins the civil war in Greece 1955: Konstantinos Karamanlis is appointed prime minister of Greece 1960: Cyprus becomes independent, a country with a 20% Turkish minority, with Greek Christian archbishop Makarios as president 1963: Konstantinos resigns and Georgios Papandreou wins elections to replace him 1964: King Pavlos dies and his son Konstantinos II succeeds him Apr 1967: Colonels led by Georgios Papadopoulos staged a coup and the king has to flee Greece 1974: The military of Cyprus overthrow Makarios and Turkey invades half of Cyprus to protect the rights of the Turkish population from the Greek majority 1974: Democracy is restored in Greece and Karamanlis wins elections becoming prime minister again 1981: Greece joins the European Economic Community 1981: Andreas Papandreou (son of Georgios) becomes Greece's first socialist prime minister after his party Panellinio Sosialistiko Kinima (PASOK) wins elections 2002: Greece adopts the euro 2004: Kostas Karamanlis (nephew of Karamanlis) wins elections and becomes prime minister 2009: The socialist Giorgos Papandreou (grandchild of Georgios) wins elections and becomes prime minister |
| (Copyright © 2024 Piero Scaruffi) |